God’s Covenant with Abraham and Sarah
Summary of what is included here:
- Bible Overview material (below).
Workshops visited by 1st-3rd graders:
- Art - Examine sand to realize how many descendants God promised Abraham. Decorate a star shape with their name & colored sand.
- Cooking - Make sand pudding.
- Games - Play a game using the game wheel and quiz questions.
Workshops visited by 4th-6th graders:
- Puppets - Enact the story with handle bag puppets.
- Newsroom - Create a news report about the sacrifice of Isaac.
- Video - View “Covenant Discovery -- The Story of Abraham” in the Great Bible Discovery series.
Note: These workshops were written for 1st through 6th graders though not all grades visit all workshops, as noted above.
Scripture References:
Genesis 12:1-9; 15:1-6, 17:1–8, 15–17; 18:1–15; 21: 1-3, and 22: 1-18
Key Bible Verse:
“I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore.” (NIV) Genesis 22:17a
Rotation Objectives — After completing this Rotation, participants will be able to:
- Name that the story is found in the first book of the Old Testament, Genesis, and locate the story in the Bible.
- Define a covenant as a promise or agreement.
- Identify the covenant God made with Abram (& with all of us). God promises to bless us.
- Tell in his/her own words the story of Abraham & Sarah – their call to leave home to travel to a distant land, the promises God made to them, their name-change, the incident of the three visitors, the birth of the promised son Isaac, and God’s test of Abraham.
- Discuss how illogical God’s promises seemed. Recognize that with God all things are possible.
- Draw parallels between Abraham & Sarah’s journey to his/her own faith journey.
Story Background: (Compiled by Carol Hulbert)
In this Rotation we are studying Abraham and Sarah, a story that covers Genesis chapters 12-22. We will focus on parts of this complex story: about God’s call, God’s promises to Abraham, and God’s test of Abraham’s faith.
First, a little about the characters
Abraham: God tells Abraham, originally called Abram (his name changes in Genesis 17:5), to leave the land of his birth (Ur) and to journey forth to Canaan. God did not give Abraham many more instructions than to go. Abraham obeyed God’s call to leave Ur and journey to Canaan. He is known as the father of God’s people.
Sarah: The wife of Abraham, originally called Sarai (name change in Genesis 17:15). She longed for a son, and finally, at the age of ninety, God granted her wish and she gave birth to Isaac.
Isaac: The son of Abraham and Sarah. His name means, “He laughs”. In Genesis 18: 1-15 Sarah had laughed when she heard three visitors predict she would have a son.
And a bit of terminology: What’s a covenant?
A covenant is a promise or an agreement between God and God’s people. Another famous covenant involved Noah. After the flood God produced a rainbow in the sky as a promise that God would not destroy the world by water again. (Our focus this year is on covenants.)
God calls Abram (Genesis 12:1-9)
Abram was called by God to leave his home and go on a journey - a journey to a place Abram knows nothing about. God promises that Abram will be made “into a great nation” (Genesis 12:2) and will be a blessing. In fact God said that all the people on earth would be blessed through Abram. (Genesis 12:3) This was an amazing set of promises considering that Abram’s wife Sarai was considered barren (unable to have children). Not only that, but they were both well beyond the childbearing years. How would they produce a population?
Yet the couple believed God’s promise; they followed God’s call. Abram and Sarai traded their settled life in Ur for a nomadic tent life on the road. Abram’s calling launched God’s chosen people – the people who would become the nation of Israel. They were called to “become a people dedicated to receiving the message of God and sharing it with the world.” (MacQueen) Abraham and Sarah embark on a journey. How about us? Aren’t we also on equal footing, on a journey of faith?
Abram’s caravan arrived in Canaan to find it already inhabited by the Canaanites. “Once again, God spoke to Abram as he entered Shechem, an ancient religious center, and said, “To your offspring, I will give this land.” (Genesis 12:7) “Abram built an altar there to commemorate the experience. Altars were made of mounded earth or piles of unhewn stones piled on top of one another. Abram’s practice was to build altars frequently along his journeys.” (Derden) “Abram couldn’t survive spiritually without regularly renewing his love and loyalty to God. Building altars helped Abram remember that God was at the center of his life.” (Life Application Bible) What sort of “altars” or reminders can we build to help us contemplate God in our lives?
God’s Covenant with Abram (Genesis 15:1-6)
Time passed. One day the Lord came to Abram in a vision, promising protection and rewards: “I am your shield, your very great reward.” (Genesis 15:1) Abram responded by complaining, what use were God’s gifts when he remained without children? His servant Eliezer of Damascus would inherit his property. “The law of the land provided that in such a situation, a household slave could be adopted and become heir, although if an actual heir was later born, the adopted son must yield his place.” (Derden) God responded with a visual lesson. “This man will not be your heir, but a son coming from your own body will be your heir.” (Genesis 15:4) God then directed Abram to look outside. Try to count the stars. You will have that many descendants! Abram believed God; his faith made him right with the Lord. These promises were God’s covenant with Abram.
A sidebar… (Genesis 16)
We won’t cover this portion of the story but because the children may ask about it this material is provided. More time has passed. Abram is now 85 years old. Sarai is getting impatient with God. She decides to take matters into her own hands. “A married woman who could not have children was shamed by her peers and was often required to give a female servant to her husband in order to produce an heir. The children born to the servant woman were considered the children of the wife.” (iLumina) This is what Sarai did with her maid Hagar. Unfortunately her lack of faith backfired. A pregnant Hagar harasses Sarai, who in turn, in her jealousy, complains to Abram. He refused to get involved. Sarai took her anger out on Hagar, who ended up running away. Out in the desert an angel of the Lord visited Hagar. The angel urged Hagar to return to Sarai and promised that she would have a son named Ishmael. “Hagar returns to her mistress and bears Abram’s son. Despite Abram and Sarai’s impatience, God shows grace and compassion in the protection offered to Hagar and Ishmael.” (Derden)
Name changes (Genesis 17:1-8, 15-17)
When Abram was 99 years old, God appeared to him again. This time God introduces himself with a new name El Shaddai, which translates to “God Almighty.” God then repeated his promises for the third time: “I will confirm my covenant between me and you and will greatly increase your numbers.” (Genesis 17:2) Next God changed Abram’s name to Abraham, which means “father of many.” Imagine that, a childless man being named the father of many! Receiving a new name indicates a new stage in life. (Fox) Here through Abraham, we all enter a new stage: we are a part of God’s family; we are God’s.
I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you.” (Genesis 17:7)
God also changes Sarai name. Her new name will be “Sarah.” But more than that: “I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her.” (Genesis 17:16a) This would have been a surprise to Abraham. (Note that from here on out he will be known by his new name.) Abraham surely thought that Ishmael was the answered son. A son by Sarah! This news is so surprising that Abraham falls down laughing to himself! Sarah is almost 90 years old! How can anyone so old become a mother? But God isn’t angry; God joins in the laughter and says that this son’s name will be Isaac, which means, “He laughs.”
A final note about Ishmael: God did promise to also bless Ishmael. Ishmael would multiply and form a great nation. But God’s covenant with Abraham would be through Isaac. The Arabic nation looks to Ishmael as the founder of their faith. Today’s world finds Ishmael’s progeny fighting with Isaac’s. Though it would be easy to say that God chose one over the other, we need to remember that God blessed them both.
Abraham has visitors (Genesis 18:1-15)
Not long afterwards, God visits Abraham in the form of one of three guests. It is not certain whether Abraham recognizes that this visitor is God. Regardless, Abraham is eager to show hospitality to his visitors. This was the custom of the time, to treat guests, even if unfamiliar, as though they had the best seats in the house.
One of the visitors asks about Sarah and predicts the birth of a son. Sarah was listening to this conversation and now it is her turn to laugh. God asks why she laughed and asks, “Is anything too hard for the LORD?” (Genesis 18:14a)
Isaac is born (Genesis 21:1-3)
True to God’s promise, Sarah conceives and bears Abraham a son. They name the child Isaac since God brought laughter. Imagine calling “he laughs” to come to supper. The name Isaac will remind Sarah, Abraham and all who hear of the story of God’s limitless possibilities.
Abraham is tested (Genesis 22:1-18)
Now we come to a difficult part of the story – Abraham’s near sacrifice of his son Isaac. After finally having a son, God commands Abraham to sacrifice him as a burnt offering, in other words, to kill him! In Old Testament Bible times, sacrifice was common. There were strict rules about sacrifices (the book of Leviticus goes into it in detail); however God condemned human sacrifice.
Abraham showed his faith even though God seemed to be taking back his promise (to have many descendants). Abraham obeyed God. Imagine what went through Abraham’s mind as he traveled the 50 or 60 miles to Mount Moriah. This was a trip that probably took three days. We don’t receive any hints as to how Abraham felt about this order. A clue comes in Abraham’s response to his servants, “we will come back to you.” (Genesis 22:5b) “Perhaps he reasoned that God would raise Isaac from the dead or in some other way provide for his promises. If God could make Sarah’s womb fruitful at age 90, God could do anything.” (Derden) The tension of the moment is finally resolved when God stopped the sacrifice from happening. God repeats his promises to Abraham for the fourth time.
You may wonder, why include such a story for children? Try to approach it not as an example of a mean God, but as a test of Abraham’s faith. God did not intend to hurt Isaac. God was testing Abraham to see if he would follow God, no matter what it took. The students can perhaps relate that on their faith journey trusting God sometimes requires a leap of faith. The other connection that can be made is the sacrifice of another son, Jesus. God sent his only Son to die for us so that we can receive eternal life.
References:
- Butler, Trent C. Editor. “Entry for Altar.” Holman Bible Dictionary. 1991.
http://www.studylight.org/dic/...view.cgi?number=T261 - Crane, Amy. “Abraham: Laughter and Promises.” 2001.
- Derden, Jaymie. “Overview and Background Information: Abraham and Sarah - Journey of Faith.” 2002.
- Educators and Presbyterian pastors known as St. Elmo’s Choir. “Abraham and Sarah.” 2001.
- Fox, Everett. ¬Genesis and Exodus. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1991.
- iLumina Gold Premium. CD-ROM. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 2006
- Life Application Study Bible. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1996.
- MacQueen, Neil. “Abe Outline.” Sunday Software, 2002.
- Mays, James L. ed. Harper’s Bible Commentary. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988.
- Penrod, Kim. “Abraham and Sarah:” 2001.
Except as noted, Scripture quoted is taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. Copyright © 1984 International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved.
A Lesson Set written by folks from: First United Methodist Church, Ann Arbor, MI
Copyright First United Methodist Church, Ann Arbor, MI.
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